Toxic mold has been much in the news since the 1990s. There are many millions of mold species in the environment, many of which have yet to be identified, and most of them being harmless to the health of people who are not immune compromised. Mold spores are always present in the air and on surfaces with no way to entirely eliminate them. However, in concentration where conditions allow molds to grow and thrive, mold colonies are very hazardous to health and property.
When disturbed, mold spores become airborne to be inhaled and come into contact with the skin. At high levels, mold spores have been implicated in health issues, including allergic reactions, infections, sinus problems, eye, nose, and throat irritations, asthma attacks and other respiratory problems. Fungal infections can result in immunocompromised persons, affecting sinuses, lungs, skin, and digestive tracts. Some molds produce mycotoxins that are harmful and even deadly to humans and animals in high enough concentrations.
Like most other biologic organisms, molds have four specific requirements for growth: air, food, water, and suitable temperature. Since the presence of mold spores, that exist everywhere, cannot be eliminated, controlling mold growth must concentrate on eliminating one or more of the elements they need to survive.
Since mold grows in temperature that match the needs of humans, and require the same oxygen, these elements can't be eliminated to control mold growth. Mold can feed on most any organic substance, including wood, paper, and other organic fibers, skin cells and oils, dust, and even soap residue that is used for cleaning. Therefore, eliminating this element is not a likely candidate for mold control. That leaves water or moisture. Mold thrives at humidity levels well above those that are comfortable and preferred by humans, focusing effective mold control strategies on the reduction of available moisture.
Areas most at risk for mold growth are bathrooms and kitchens around tile that is regularly wet. Frequent cleaning with bleach can help keep the areas free of mold, however cracks in the tile or grout can allow moisture to seep in behind the tile to allow for active mold growth colonies in the substrate behind it. Indications of trapped moisture include discoloration of the wall, tiles, or grout, the wall becoming soft enough to depress by pushing on it, or the presence of a black deposit. Any of these indications requires immediate remediation to avoid further structural damage and potential health hazards.
Often, tile does not have to be replaced to resolve mold issues. Repairing the affected area along with tile refinishing or regrouting can be a cost-saving and effective solution.
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